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Berdan primers would be easier to make at home than Boxer. A Berdan primer is one piece, just a percussion cap that fits in the primer pocket, sitting over an anvil that is part of the brass.

There are recipes for DIY primer compound scattered about the interwebz. You're not the only one who has tried to DIY.

What technology do you need that wasn't available in 1830 (roughly the time the percussion cap was introduced)?

To make clean-burning, sure-fire, non-corrosive primers? Okay, that's a little more involved. But primers themselves are very old-school technology.