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If you really want to get into it, start with the opinions in Heller.

Each contains citations to prior decisions, go to those opinions and read them. Those in turn cite precedents relied on and so forth. Some citations are to other works, not court decisions, of course.

The interpretation of those two lines has occupied untold hours of dozens of exceedingly will trained and experienced lawyers and judges, with, not surprisingly, different views, and over the centuries of its existence, dealing with actual fact situations, not the idealized nonsense of fiction writers often encountered.