There are just too many variables to claim that 9 = 45 or vice versa. For several years now it has been my pleasure in getting acquainted with Charles Schwartz who authored,
Quantitative Ammunition Selection. With an accuracy rate of better then 95% and nearly 900 direct comparisons, the lay-ballistician can predict penetration in calibrated ordnance gel, and exactly what the FBI uses, not substitutes, by chronographing their bullet as it enters water filled baggies, weighing the recovered bullet and finding the average for expansion.
It may just be my opinion, but total reliance on the permanent stretch cavity at nearly the expanded diameter of the bullet was doomed from the beginning, which was the "Miami Shootout of 1986." After Mr. Maddox took a 9mm 115 gr. Silvertip through the upper arm, the bullet penetrated on to just millimeters from entering his heart. Post mortem, that wound was deemed unsurvivable, yet Maddox continued the fight after receiving that wound, killing and wounding more agents afterward.
Several different entities have positive opinions. None of them, however, have cornered the market. I've have tried to be as unbiased as I can while listening to the opinions of the IWBA, Marshall & Sanow, as well as the Dr.s Courtney and the BPW and too many others to list here.
Along with Charles Schwartz's excellent book on the subject, he designed a spreadsheet program whereby adding the necessary data, a number of things are revealed as well as the "stop prediction" that's not as easy as it sounds. The percentage increases as it should with each successive round on target.
Energy is far more relevant than some believe, but what I've put the most stock into is momentum. I covered this in my most recent article for the Western Powder's blog:
https://blog.westernpowders.com/2019/09 ... allistics/
Typically, heavier bullets in 45 provide greater momentum, but often are lacking in energy. 9mm is nearly the reverse. Momentum and energy can both be manipulated by mass and velocity. For my loads, I choose to use a minimum of .6500 Lb-seconds of Momentum while I'm also interested in the amount of energy they provide. When calculating momentum mathematically, and not just by power factor, energy can be derived from the Momentum calculation. I gave that in the article, but here it is, skipping the first step which is the mass conversion. Bullet Weight / 225218 x V = Momentum. Energy = Momentum x (V/2)
From the spreadsheet program I mentioned, you can find the value for the energy departed in the 1st to 15th centimeter of the wound. Sometimes it's about how rapidly a JHP expands while penetrating deeply enough. For me, that's 12" in bare gelatin which will only be deeper after 4 layers of denim. There's something else I've just began focusing on. The program gives a power value in kW, yep, kiloWatts, What I'm finding is that the faster the bullet reaches full expansion, the higher the power value will be. But you must also consider depth of penetration.
The good news is that Mr. Schwartz may make his program available commercially. And I should admit that I cheat! The apparatus he uses is explained in his book, while I continue to use 1 - Gallon water filled jugs. I set the 1st jug at the same distance the bullet is chronograhed between the skyscreens, or say 12'.
Lastly, I should point out that some of the major players in the ammo biz are once again emphasizing energy. While your at the Western blog, Charles has a recent article as well that points out the flaws in selecting loads by energy alone with light/fast loads in 9mm. whether it's 9mm or .45 ACP, there's far more to it than just velocity or mass alone. I will say that the guys who mostly preach the Permanent Stretch Cavity and ignore the temporary stretch cavity, get a little perturbed by the mention of 125 gr. JHPs in .357 Magnum. Unlike the FBI, the DPS was testing after barriers a good while before the FBI, they never had a doubt about their chosen tools. It was ammo portability that moved them to the .357 SIG while it was the load that came closest to replicating the magnum revolver round.